It is true that you can share data between a small number of people based on a folder or set of folders being shared on a laptop or PC. However, today, the easiest way to share data is to use one of the Cloud services like Microsoft OneDrive.
If you use Microsoft 365 to provide your Office applications, you immediately have access to OneDrive and SharePoint. Both of these services allow you to share data in slightly different ways. OneDrive will let you share folders and files in a very familiar way. Unfortunately, in the Business context it does not allow you to use the background application to transfer data other people have shared with you down to your laptop or PC automatically. Your own data is easily updated to and from the cloud automatically.
SharePoint is a very good way to share libraries of documents. It can automatically keep versions of the documents as you change them, and it can enforce a check out/in process to make sure you can all edit the same document without creating problems. The Microsoft 365 Office applications all access documents in SharePoint seamlessly.
If everyone has access to everything then there is not much else to be said. However, if you have an organisational structure in place that means you want to control access to some parts of the data it will need some careful consideration and possibly involves a few more services than you might think.